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Data on Kubernetes with PowerFlex CSI., IAM-as-a-service with Keycloak

Ambar Hassani
9 min readJan 22, 2024

Keycloak is a highly versatile system rendering a broad range of services when it comes to Identity access and management. The sheer maturity and adoption of Keycloak makes it a ubiquitous choice for Single-signon and federated identities. Even more, when deployed on Kubernetes, Keycloak is provided with the agility through cloud-nativeness and renders multiple advantages over traditional deployments.

In this blog, we will delve into the specifics of deploying a Keycloak based IAM-as-a-service on Kubernetes with Dell PowerFlex CSI and NGINX Ingress controller.

To begin, I have an EKS Anywhere cluster which generally is used as a shared-services-cluster. In other words, centralized multi-cluster or typical enterprise-wide used services can all be collocated on this single cluster.

This cluster is already deployed with MetalLB, Kubernetes community-based NGINX Ingress controller and PowerFlex CSI. I also have a DNS entry that resolves the intended FQDN keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com to 10.204.111.56, which is the IP address for my NGINX Ingress controller.

kubectl get nodes
NAME                             STATUS   ROLES           AGE     VERSION
m1-dzqkb                         Ready    control-plane   6d16h   v1.25.11-eks-984f31e
m1-fxjpz                         Ready    control-plane   6d16h   v1.25.11-eks-984f31e
m1-md-0-6764569c55xn584c-6jptb   Ready    <none>          6d16h   v1.25.11-eks-984f31e
m1-md-0-6764569c55xn584c-rv9qs   Ready    <none>          6d16h   v1.25.11-eks-984f31e
m1-xc6tr                         Ready    control-plane   6d16h   v1.25.11-eks-984f31e

CSI DRIVER FOR DELL PowerFlex 4.5 Software Defined Storage
kubectl get pods -n vxflexos
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
vxflexos-controller-565dc6ff-5kcmk   5/5     Running   0          3m25s
vxflexos-controller-565dc6ff-snjfr   5/5     Running   0          3m25s
vxflexos-node-6jnjr                  2/2     Running   0          3m25s
vxflexos-node-fdzz4                  2/2     Running   0          3m25s

kubectl get sc
NAME                     PROVISIONER                RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE      ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
powerflex-sc (default)   csi-vxflexos.dellemc.com   Delete          WaitForFirstConsumer   true                   4m11s

kubectl get pods -n metallb-system
NAME                                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
metallb-controller-6575c65fcc-ft7r7   1/1     Running   0          6d14h
metallb-speaker-d78jt                 4/4     Running   0          6d14h
metallb-speaker-f79j7                 4/4     Running   0          6d14h
metallb-speaker-glcqm                 4/4     Running   0          6d14h
metallb-speaker-pqtb4                 4/4     Running   0          6d14h
metallb-speaker-xprw2                 4/4     Running   0          6d14h

kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
ingress-nginx-admission-create-nv7r6        0/1     Completed   0          6d13h
ingress-nginx-admission-patch-pb7sl         0/1     Completed   1          6d13h
ingress-nginx-controller-5d84c98ffb-cmlc2   1/1     Running     0          6d13h

kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                 TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx-controller             LoadBalancer   10.97.254.26    10.204.111.56   80:31636/TCP,443:32572/TCP   6d13h
ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP      10.109.42.220   <none>          443/TCP                      6d13h

nslookup keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com
Server:         127.0.0.53
Address:        127.0.0.53#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com
Address: 10.204.111.56

One important inclusion is to set the proxy buffer parameters in the NGINX Ingress controller. These are required for Keycloak redirects. One can always refer to this example YAML for my NGINX Ingress controller.

  allow-snippet-annotations: "true"
  proxy-buffer-size: 32k
  proxy-buffers: 4 32k
  proxy-read-timeout: "600"

In addition, I have a directory named common-certs and a wild-card certificate that is typically used for all Ingress services as TLS secret.

Let’s begin!

There are multiple HELM chart providers for Keycloak. In this example, we are going to use the one from codecentric. You can refer to the values file for more references. helm-charts/charts/keycloak/values.yaml at master · codecentric/helm-charts (github.com)

Prepare Helm values for Keycloak.


rm -rf $HOME/identity
mkdir -p $HOME/identity
cd $HOME/identity

cat <<EOF > $HOME/identity/helm-values-keycloak.yaml
extraEnv: |
  - name: KEYCLOAK_LOGLEVEL
    value: DEBUG
  - name: KEYCLOAK_USER
    value: admin
  - name: KEYCLOAK_PASSWORD
    value: admin@12345678
  - name: PROXY_ADDRESS_FORWARDING
    value: "true"

args:
  - -Dkeycloak.profile.feature.docker=enabled

ingress:
  enabled: true
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
    - host: keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com
    secretName: thecloudgarage-tls

postgresql:
  enabled: true
  postgresqlPassword: asdfaso97sadfjylfasdsf78
EOF

Deploy Keycloak with the above Helm values file. Note we are using powerflex-sc as the storage class which uses Dell’s PowerFlex 4.5 software defined storage via the CSI integration.


kubectl create ns identity

cd $HOME/identity
kubectl create secret tls thecloudgarage-tls -n identity --key $HOME/common-certs/tls.key --cert $HOME/common-certs/tls.crt

helm repo add codecentric https://codecentric.github.io/helm-charts
helm repo update

helm upgrade --install keycloak codecentric/keycloak \
--set postgresql.global.storageClass="powerflex-sc" \
--values $HOME/identity/helm-values-keycloak.yaml \
--namespace identity

Output log

Release "keycloak" does not exist. Installing it now.
NAME: keycloak
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Jan 22 18:20:19 2024
NAMESPACE: identity
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
***********************************************************************
*                                                                     *
*                Keycloak Helm Chart by codecentric AG                *
*                                                                     *
***********************************************************************

Keycloak was installed with an Ingress and can be reached at the following URL(s):

  - https://keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com/

Let’s look at the pods and persistent volume.

1 pod each., we can increase the count using the helm values.

kubectl get pods -n identity
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
keycloak-0              1/1     Running   0          110s
keycloak-postgresql-0   1/1     Running   0          110s

kubectl get pvc -n identity
NAME                         STATUS   VOLUME              CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
data-keycloak-postgresql-0   Bound    m1-vol-69d6a1bd73   8Gi        RWO            powerflex-sc   2m46s

kubectl get pv -n identity
NAME                CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM                                 STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
m1-vol-69d6a1bd73   8Gi        RWO            Delete           Bound    identity/data-keycloak-postgresql-0   powerflex-sc            3m12s

We can also observe the volume within PowerFlex 4.5 manager via it’s web console.

Let’s validate the ingress for the Keycloak server

kubectl get ingress -n identity
NAME       CLASS   HOSTS                              ADDRESS         PORTS     AGE
keycloak   nginx   keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com   10.204.111.56   80, 443   5m27s

Since I already have the DNS entry performed for the above mapping, we can go ahead and access the Keycloak url

We can login using admin/admin@12345678 (set in the helm values file)

As of this stage, we have only the default “MASTER” realm available. We will use Terraform to:

  • create a new oidc realm named “oidc1”
  • 3 groups and 3 users along with mappings

Apply the terraform template

cd $HOME/identity
mkdir -p $HOME/identity/keycloak-config
cd $HOME/identity/keycloak-config
cat <<EOF > initial-config.tf
#Initial config
terraform {
  required_providers {
    keycloak = {
      source  = "mrparkers/keycloak"
      version = "3.6.0"
    }
  }
}
# configure keycloak provider
provider "keycloak" {
  client_id                = "admin-cli"
  username                 = "admin"
  password                 = "admin@12345678"
  url                      = "https://keycloak.oidc.thecloudgarage.com"
  tls_insecure_skip_verify = true
}
locals {
  realm_id = "oidc1"
  groups   = ["level1", "level2", "level3"]
  user_groups = {
    ambar-superadmin = ["level1"]
    ambar-groupadmin  = ["level2"]
    ambar-dev = ["level3"]
  }
}
# create basic realm
resource "keycloak_realm" "realm" {
  realm   = local.realm_id
  enabled = true
  verify_email = true
}
# create groups
resource "keycloak_group" "groups" {
  for_each = toset(local.groups)
  realm_id = local.realm_id
  name     = each.key
}
# create users
# note the use of backtick else cat EOF results in bad substitution
resource "keycloak_user" "users" {
  for_each       = local.user_groups
  realm_id       = local.realm_id
  username       = each.key
  enabled        = true
  email          = "\${each.key}@thecloudgarage.com"
  email_verified = true
  first_name     = each.key
  last_name      = each.key
  initial_password {
    value = each.key
  }
}
# configure use groups membership
resource "keycloak_user_groups" "user_groups" {
  for_each  = local.user_groups
  realm_id  = local.realm_id
  user_id   = keycloak_user.users[each.key].id
  group_ids = [for g in each.value : keycloak_group.groups[g].id]
}
# create groups openid client scope
resource "keycloak_openid_client_scope" "groups" {
  realm_id               = local.realm_id
  name                   = "groups"
  include_in_token_scope = true
  gui_order              = 1
}
resource "keycloak_openid_group_membership_protocol_mapper" "groups" {
  realm_id        = local.realm_id
  client_scope_id = keycloak_openid_client_scope.groups.id
  name            = "groups"
  claim_name      = "groups"
  full_path       = false
}
EOF
terraform init && terraform plan && terraform apply -auto-approve

#1st apply will create the realm but will error for other resources

sleep 10

terraform plan && terraform apply -auto-approve

Note that I have specifically mentioned at the end of the template above that the first run will error as the oidc client creation takes some time. So we insert a sleep 10 command and re-run the plan and apply command.

After the first run, below is the error. Don’t fret! the sleep and re-run of commands will successfully deploy.

ERROR ON THE FIRST RUN AS THE OIDC CLIENT IS STILL BEING CREATED...
DONT FRET!!! LET THE WHOLE THING PROGRESS TILL END OF SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION.

│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/groups: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_group.groups["level1"],
│   on initial-config.tf line 34, in resource "keycloak_group" "groups":
│   34: resource "keycloak_group" "groups" {
│
╵
╷
│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/groups: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_group.groups["level3"],
│   on initial-config.tf line 34, in resource "keycloak_group" "groups":
│   34: resource "keycloak_group" "groups" {
│
╵
╷
│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/groups: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_group.groups["level2"],
│   on initial-config.tf line 34, in resource "keycloak_group" "groups":
│   34: resource "keycloak_group" "groups" {
│
╵
╷
│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/users: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_user.users["ambar-groupadmin"],
│   on initial-config.tf line 41, in resource "keycloak_user" "users":
│   41: resource "keycloak_user" "users" {
│
╵
╷
│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/users: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_user.users["ambar-superadmin"],
│   on initial-config.tf line 41, in resource "keycloak_user" "users":
│   41: resource "keycloak_user" "users" {
│
╵
╷
│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/users: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_user.users["ambar-dev"],
│   on initial-config.tf line 41, in resource "keycloak_user" "users":
│   41: resource "keycloak_user" "users" {
│
╵
╷
│ Error: error sending POST request to /auth/admin/realms/oidc1/client-scopes: 404 Not Found. Response body: {"error":"Realm not found."}
│
│   with keycloak_openid_client_scope.groups,
│   on initial-config.tf line 62, in resource "keycloak_openid_client_scope" "groups":
│   62: resource "keycloak_openid_client_scope" "groups" {
│
╵
keycloak_realm.realm: Refreshing state... [id=oidc1]

<SNIP>
<SNIP>

Plan: 11 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
keycloak_group.groups["level2"]: Creating...
keycloak_user.users["ambar-dev"]: Creating...
keycloak_openid_client_scope.groups: Creating...
keycloak_group.groups["level1"]: Creating...
keycloak_group.groups["level3"]: Creating...
keycloak_user.users["ambar-superadmin"]: Creating...
keycloak_user.users["ambar-groupadmin"]: Creating...
keycloak_group.groups["level2"]: Creation complete after 0s [id=f3d58985-59b5-46ea-b3e5-d4cedeba45f7]
keycloak_group.groups["level1"]: Creation complete after 0s [id=13727073-d024-4148-b5b3-afdbca57b485]
keycloak_group.groups["level3"]: Creation complete after 0s [id=8ab56a4b-2b09-4fea-aaa4-be7829662902]
keycloak_openid_client_scope.groups: Creation complete after 1s [id=3de6f83e-2ba2-4422-a5a6-5c9442874a2b]
keycloak_openid_group_membership_protocol_mapper.groups: Creating...
keycloak_openid_group_membership_protocol_mapper.groups: Creation complete after 0s [id=c791b60d-b98e-4fa1-8014-9956e3b3677a]
keycloak_user.users["ambar-superadmin"]: Creation complete after 1s [id=85273288-2b21-488b-8f83-d4f068b934f5]
keycloak_user.users["ambar-groupadmin"]: Creation complete after 1s [id=f8d6f466-dbda-4b42-9a03-7bc1c3b2d0ed]
keycloak_user.users["ambar-dev"]: Creation complete after 1s [id=b69a6b0a-897c-4ba9-8f3e-470947f7c8d2]
keycloak_user_groups.user_groups["ambar-dev"]: Creating...
keycloak_user_groups.user_groups["ambar-superadmin"]: Creating...
keycloak_user_groups.user_groups["ambar-groupadmin"]: Creating...
keycloak_user_groups.user_groups["ambar-superadmin"]: Creation complete after 0s [id=oidc1/85273288-2b21-488b-8f83-d4f068b934f5]
keycloak_user_groups.user_groups["ambar-groupadmin"]: Creation complete after 0s [id=oidc1/f8d6f466-dbda-4b42-9a03-7bc1c3b2d0ed]
keycloak_user_groups.user_groups["ambar-dev"]: Creation complete after 0s [id=oidc1/b69a6b0a-897c-4ba9-8f3e-470947f7c8d2]

Apply complete! Resources: 11 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

We can verify the same in Keycloak UI.

New realm named “oidc1” has been created

Three groups in this realm are also created

Three users have also been created

Group and user mappings are also done.

And there we have it., keycloak deployed on Kubernetes with persistence and ingress.

If you are familiar with Keycloak, get going with configuring further realms/clients and creating central SSO and Identity-management-as-a-service. For now, that’s a wrap., we will see how to secure various entities via Keycloak in other blogs.

Happy kub’ing

cheers,

Ambar@thecloudgarage

#iwork4dell

Kubernetes Keycloak
Kubernetes Csi
Dell
Aws Eks Anywhere
Ingress

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Ambar Hassani

Written by Ambar Hassani

77 Followers

24+ years of blended experience of technology & people leadership, startup management and disruptive acceleration/adoption of next-gen technologies

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